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There is a moth in England called the peppered moth. Before Britain’s industrial revolution, these moths were usually salt and pepper coloured. Because of their colouring, they blended in well with the tree trunks on which they tended to rest. The colouring helped them hide from the birds that ate them. During the British industrial revolution, industry expelled a lot of soot from the burning of coal into the environment. This soot darkened the tree trunks, and it was noted that black-collared moths were becoming predominant. The idea is that with soot in the environment, black-coloured moths fared better than light-coloured moths. There is some debate as to whether this is actually the case or not, but for the sake of this question, let’s assume it is. In your own words, explain the concepts from the four observations discussed in 12.2 using the moth as an example. In other words, how does the moth illustrate the first observation, the second observation, etc.?
