The Role of Technology: Inherent Characteristics vs. Freedom of Choice

At the root of the argument about the role of technology in society is the question of inherent characteristics versus freedom of choice.
a. Is technology a value neutral tool that exists simply to be used (or not) in whichever way a member of society chooses? Or is technology inherently value laden, directing (or focusing) a particular use, or set of values?
b. Does society develop the technology it requires, and then employ that technology in ways that make sense at the time? Or does new technology come upon us with its own requirements that we ignore at our peril?