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Format: 12 CPI, double spaced, standard margins.
Please submit via the portal online in BB
Part II (due on August 9)
Answer the following questions (maximum words for each question provided).Use of tables & graphs / charts to explain encouraged.
1. (10 pts, describe in 200

Using two academic sources*, explain what is meant by the term ‘globalisation

Please answer the following Critical Review Questions from Chapter Twelve:

Describe why a senior leader’s physical presence is critical during a crisis.
Please give an example from your own experience with a leader in a crisis.
What are the benefits of creating a comprehensive crisis response plan before a crisis happens?
What advice would you give a leader who wants to improve his or her communications function so that it may be more effective during a crisis?
What message does it send when the organizational culture encourages employees to view mistakes or problems as opportunities for improvement rather than the reasons to blame or punish those involved. Please give a specific example in your career of such a situation.

Title: Strategy Analysis for a Problem-Solution Persuasive Presentation
Due Date: Printed copy of assignment due before class starts onWednesday, August 10, 9:00 a.m.(use A5 template provided in welcome e-mail and on D2L)
Purpose: Preparation for development of an oral presentation
Pre-Reading: None
Prep Time: Document preparation = 1 to 2 hours
Grade Points: 20

Instructions:

1. This assignment, together with Assignment Six, focuses on a “stand-up extemporaneous presentation” (p. 159 in your text).
2. Select a real problem or situation where you work or select a community / public issue that you are passionate about. You will gain the most benefit from this exercise if the problem is a real business situation that you are involved with at your place of employment or in your community.
3. Your purpose is to explain the problem and your solution to a specific target audience (visualize the audience in a conference room) and persuade the audience to take a specific, tangible action step.
4. To begin the planning for your presentation, complete a Strategic Communication Analysis using the template provided with your welcome e-mail.
5. Refer to the rubric and a completed student example on the following pages to guide your work.

Submission:

A printed copy of your Communication Strategy Analysis is due on the first day of class.

Example of a GOODTopic for a Problem-Solution Persuasive Presentation

Topic Purpose Target Audience
Telecommuting Convince VP of HR (your boss) to test pilot telecommuting for selected positions in your office Your boss and HR benefits committee

Example of a BAD Topic for a Problem-Solution Persuasive Presentation (Too Broad)

Topic Purpose Target Audience
Global Warming Convince people that global warming is a problem Who would be in the conference room?

Rubric
Communication Strategy Analysis
Problem-Solution Persuasive Presentation

Problem ? Provides a clear definition of the problem
? Identifies a least two negative effects from the problem on the organization
Purpose ? Provides clear, accurate statement of purpose or purposes for the presentation
Audience ? Identifies primary audience (and secondary audience if appropriate)
? Describes at least two relevant audience characteristics or interests
Context ? Identifies at least two contextual variables
Message ? Provides a clear, single sentence summary of the message
? Describes what the audience should do and feel as a result of the message
? Identifies a specific organizing pattern for the message (e.g., problem-solution)
Information ? Identifies at least three pieces of information important to the audience
Benefits ? Identifies at least two benefits from the audience’s perspective (meeting a want or need)
Objections ? Identifies at least two objections the audience might raise
? Identifies strategies for addressing or minimizing the objections

See the following two pages for a student example of a completed presentation strategy analysis. Thanks to Pam Davis of Cohort 3 for permission to use her work. Note that her analysis is about a real problem, targets a specific audience, and involves an actionable solution.

Student Example:
Communication Strategy Analysis for a Problem-Solution Persuasive Presentation

Problem
What is the problem you’re trying to solve? How does it impact the organization or group? ? Currently outsourced functions are not meeting customer service and cost expectations due to the management unrest at the service provider.
? Inadequate customer service, as well as increasing costs due to poor management, is negatively affecting the Credit Union’s bottom line.
Purpose
What is your objective for this presentation? What specifically are you going to ask your audience to do? ? The objective is to request support for the creation of an internal Real Estate Loan Fulfillment Center that includes processing, underwriting, and closing of first mortgage loans. These functions are currently outsourced.
? Specifically, I will request support to proceed with the implementation of an ongoing project to include hiring nine employees, and purchasing loan fulfillment technology.
Audience
Who will be in the conference room? Who is your target audience (decision makers)? Is there a secondary audience? What are the audience characteristics and interests relevant to your message? ? The Senior Vice President of Lending and the Executive Vice President of Operations will be attending the meeting.
? The secondary audience is the Board of Directors.
? The audience is familiar with real estate lending; however, they are not experts and will need some explanation of the various tasks required in processing, underwriting, and closing mortgage loans.
? The Executive Vice President has a charismatic decision making style and makes decisions quickly based on information,
? The Senior Vice President of Lending has a logical and academic decision making style and will require data to support the cost benefits outlined in the proposal.
Context
What are the contextual factors that may influence your message? ? The economy has affected delinquency rates of mortgage loans.
? Senior Management is concernedwith mortgage lending in general because of the mortgage crisis.
? Establishing the correct number of staff members for the Loan Fulfillment Center will be a challenge given the cyclical nature of mortgage lending.
? There will be concern that we currently do not have the expert staff to replace the work that is outsourced.
Message
What is your overall message? What do you expect others to feel and do because of your message? What’s the best method for organizing your message? ? Due to the current situation with our service provider, I recommend that we implement an internal Loan Fulfillment Center that will provide better customer service standards and reduce operating expenses.
? As I highlight the ongoing issues and outline the benefits of bringing the functions in-house, senior management will be concerned about our ability to launch the proposal.
? I will outline the risks associated with dissolving the outsourced relationship and provide solutions to minimize the risks.
? The problem-solution approach is the best method of organizing the message.
Information
What information must your presentation include? ? The presentation must include details on the cost reduction achieved by creating a Loan Fulfillment Center.
? The presentation must include the title, job description, and salary level of the proposed staffing.
? The presentation must address both the benefits and risks of creating the Loan Fulfillment Center.
Benefits
How can you build support for your position? What are the benefits to your audience if they take the action you recommend? ? The primary benefit of the Loan Fulfillment Center is an operating cost reduction of $409,000.
? The credit union lending staff will have greater oversight throughout the loan process.
? The customer experience will improve because of the service level standards required of credit union staff.
Objections
What objections can you expect? How can you address or minimize the objections? ? Senior Management will require assurances that Delta Community will meet all compliance requirements; the Vice President of Compliance has recently hired a real estate lending compliance expert.
? By ensuring appropriate hiring decisions, the Human Resources Department will reduce senior management’s concern regarding the loss of professional guidance offered by the current service provider.
? In order to maintain adequate staffing levels, we will retain an outside provider for cyclical demand in production.

This graded assessment accounts for 90% of your final grade and comprises two separate assessment exercises: Part A & Part B which are both weighted equally at 45% of your final grade.Part A
In Part A, we assess learning outcomes related to topics 2, 3, 4 & 8 by providing you with case study information on the leadership and strategic development processes which operate within the innovative context at Google.
The purpose of this brief is to provide you:
• Details of the coursework assessment: background to the case and questions
• Information on presentation and submission date.
• Guidelines to assist you in answering the questions
• The assessment marking criteria and feedback sheet for Part A.
Case Study Background & Questions
Read carefully the case evidence on Twitter which is contained in the following three sources:
1. Mark, K. & Parker, S. (2011) Twitter extracted from:
Ireland, R.D., Hoskisson, R. E., & Hitt, M.A. (2013) The Management of Strategy: Concepts and Cases, 10th International Edition, South-Western, Cengage Learning, pages 371-377
2. Twitter (2013) Annual Report 2013, Twitter, Inc.
3. Twitter (2014) Annual Report 2014, Twitter, Inc.
Each source covers a distinct period of Twitter’s strategic development from start-up, to stock market listing (IPO), to growth within the internet information provider industry.
• Source 1 provides a case analysis of Twitter’s strategic development at start-up (2006-2011).
• Source 2 reports on Twitter’s strategic position having achieved an initial public offering (IPO) in 2013.
• Source 3 reports on Twitter’s current growth directions and future strategic choices in 2014.
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All sources provide insights into the leadership, strategy and innovation practices within Twitter. Source 1 critiques Twitter’s origins, current business model and future strategic choices, whereas sources 2 and 3 provide a corporate account on Twitter’s mission, values, along with the content and direction of their strategy. Your analysis of the Twitter Annual Reports should therefore be particularly critical in order to answer the below questions.
Part A of your coursework assessment requires you to answer two questions:
Questions.
1. Using the Ashridge Sense of Mission Model analyse and interpret the case evidence to determine Twitter’s sense of mission.
2. Examine Twitter’s strategic decisions to date and indicate which theoretical approach best reflects their strategic development, and make recommendations for future growth.
Both questions are equally weighed and you should review how grading is allocated in the Coursework Feedback Sheet on page 5.
Presentation and Submission Date
The assessment in Part A is a case analysis and you should note that case analysis is not a conceptual explanation or discussion but the application of concepts and frameworks to interpret the case information, analyse key events and statements, and reach evaluative judgements. The concepts and frameworks are covered in the workshops and prescribed reading and the guidance below gives you a few pointers on how you need to use this knowledge to answer the questions. In developing your analysis and arguments, you should use supporting evidence from the information contained in the case studies.
Your answers must only be derived from the information on Twitter contained in the three case evidence sources listed above. You are not required to consult other sources on Twitter or go beyond the end date of third source (2014). The reason for this is that your analysis and evaluation is being assessed at this point in the organisation’s development and not in the light of subsequent events. As a result you should not include references on Twitter from the internet or other sources.
In terms of presentation, introduce each question indicating how you will structure your answer and conclude each answer with reference to your preceding arguments and the task required by the question. Do not present your answer in rigid report format but you may wish to divide your answer into sections which reflect the major elements of your analysis. The combined word count of your answers to both questions must comply with the following guidance:
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Minimum Length: 2000 words
Maximum Length: 2500 words
Submission deadline: Friday 19th August 2016, at 11.59pm
The word limit excludes appendices and bibliography. Where a submission exceeds the stated word limit the maximum grade awarded will be P1. Appendices can be useful to provide additional information from your analysis but you must incorporate the key analytical arguments into the main body of your answer.
Guidance Notes
The assessment feedback sheet at the end of this section gives the marking criteria for the overall case analysis. Remember, in writing your solution to the questions you must not describe what the case says but use the concepts to analyse the information and use the evidence/facts in the case to support your analysis.
Question 1 asks you to critically review if Twitter has achieved a strong sense of mission. The question specifically asks you to use the Ashridge Sense of Mission model which is part of your prescribed reading for unit 2. Specifically you should apply and discuss the four elements of mission (Ashridge model) to Twitter. When considering purpose and strategy, you should analyse the case evidence on mission, values and strategy. When doing this avoid being overly descriptive on the content of Twitter’s strategy as you will soon exceed the word limit. Attempt to develop arguments and, if necessary, include supporting details in appendices. More crucially, you must address the central issue in the question of how the fifth element, a sense of mission, is achieved through the alignment of the employees’ personal values with the organisation’s identity and values. In doing this, consider the role played by the leadership and management approach at Twitter – particularly discussed in sources 2 & 3 – to integrate the elements of mission, behavioural standards and values of the organisation, with those of the employees. You will also need to evaluate Twitter’s mission based on the company’s recent expansion and strategic developments to express and justify your opinion on whether Twitter have a achieved a strong sense of mission.
To answer question 2 you will need to write a short essay by drawing on your learning of strategic decision-making and your prescribed reading from Johnson et al, chapter 12. Initially, you should commence your research by reading and examining the case evidence in order to identify Twitter’s strategic decisions. Once you have identified these decisions, your essay discussion should focus on how this decision-making relates to deliberate and/or emergent forms of strategy development. When doing this avoid being overly descriptive on the content of these decisions. Instead, you should ensure that the use the relevant theory to structure your discussion of case evidence. To develop your arguments further, a brief distinction between deliberate and emergent strategy would be useful, followed by 3
an in-depth discussion on which approach most closely resembles Twitter’s strategic development. To reach conclusions on how strategic decision-making is practised at Twitter, you should also identify strategic options and make recommendations for future growth. 4
Part A
Coursework Assessment Feedback
Matriculation No.
Date of Submission:
Module: Leading Strategic Decision-making
Part A: Twitter Case Study
Cohort:
Category
Grade
Comment
Presentation of analysis, use of appropriate concepts, and depth of understanding of the issues raised in the case.
(10%)
Critically examine Twitter’s sense of mission through its approach to leadership and management.
(35%)
Critically review Twitter’s approach to strategic decision-making and recommendations for future growth
(35%)
Ability to reach coherent and logical arguments from the analysis, supported by case evidence.
(20%)
E
D
C
B
A
Fail
(F1 – F5)
Marginal Pass (P1)
Satisfactory/ Good
(P2-P3)
Very good
(P4-P5)
Excellent
(D1+)
General Comments:
Overall Grade:
Marker:
N.B. the percentages are shown as indications of the relative importance of each section and should not be taken as a precise indication of the marking scheme.
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PART B
In Part B, we require you to write an essay on the following topic.
Essay Topic:
According to Hollander (2012), trust and loyalty are two binding elements in the leader-follower relationship. Critically examine research that explains how trust and loyalty can be established between leaders and followers.
Present some examples of trust-based relationships between leaders and followers that have led to positive outcomes.
Marking schedule for Part B:
10% of marks are allocated to the presentation of the essay. The student’s work should be typed with clear use of paragraphs and headings. Typographical and spelling errors should be avoided.
10% of marks are allocated to appropriate referencing of content. Students should familiarise themselves and make use of the Harvard referencing system and should cite and reference material properly. Students should make use of a range of resources (books, journal articles etc) and the literature used should be appropriate to the arguments made.
60% of marks are allocated to the analysis presented in the essay. Students should examine appropriate theoretical concepts and frameworks. Students should demonstrate an awareness of the wider context and present an in-depth discussion of current issues. Better students will demonstrate critical analysis skills and communicate their arguments in a clear and coherent manner.
20% of marks are allocated to the conclusions drawn. The conclusions should identify the key themes or issues under consideration. Conclusions should be well supported from the analysis and highlight the significance of arguments, evidence and insights
Guidance Notes on Part B:
You must refer to relevant literature throughout the essay. This can be in the form of textbooks, journal articles, or relevant web-based material. Student are directed in particular to the following databases which they may find useful in developing their essay:
• ABI Inform Complete (Proquest)
• Ingenta
• Science Direct
• Sage Online
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In particular, the following journals may be helpful to you in relation to the prescribed topic:
• Leadership Quarterly (Available on Science Direct)
• Leadership and Organisation Development Journal (Available on ABI Inform)
• Team Performance Management (Available on ABI Inform)
• Journal of Management Development (Available on ABI Inform)
• Group and Organisation Management (Available on Sage Online)
You may wish to refer to relevant theory or you may wish to cite relevant research or examples to support your arguments. Remember all material cited must be referenced using the Harvard Referencing system. Also please refer to the University guidance notes on the avoidance of Plagiarism.
Please remember to structure your essay appropriate. You should use headings – and include an introduction, main body and conclusion/recommendations sections. Please do not label the main body as “main body”.
You should avoid using footnotes in your essay.
Please ensure you use UK English spelling in your writing – so avoid “z’s” such as “organization” and use the UK English spelling of “organisation” instead.
Bullet points and numbered lists should be avoided in your essay – with strong, well-supported arguments from the literature preferred.
Please use “Justify” alignment and 1 and a half or double spacing. Your font should be a suitable size (usually 11 or 12 font size).
While we do not specify a particular number of references/citations to be included, you should include at least a minimum of 15 different journal articles in your essay.
Please answer the topic posed. Your essay should NOT be a summary of leadership theories. You need to specifically address the topic and question posed.
Minimum Essay Length: 2000 words
Maximum Essay Length: 2500 words
The word count includes your entire essay, your citations and your reference list. However, the word count does not include the cover page. The word count ranges between 2000 words and 2500 words (so please do not ask about 10% allowances related to the word count – your full word count should fit between 2000 words and 2500 words)
Submission deadline: Friday 19th August 2016, at 11.59pm
Please note that whilst the submission deadline is Friday 19th August 2016, at 11.59pm (UK time), you are free to make your submission (Part A or B or both) at any time before this date. You do not need to wait until this day, or the day before or the week before. 7
Important Note:
Please ensure that Part A and Part B are submitted as separate documents. The documents should clearly be marked Part A and Part B and your matriculation number and module code should be clearly marked on the submission.
Please also note that it is the intention of the module team to use grademark on this module – so you may receive feedback in this format.
Turnitin: When uploading your file (either Part A or Part B) to Turnitin, please use your matriculation number as the file name. For example, your file name should take the following format “(401xxxxx Part A)” or “(401xxxxx Part B)”.
Your name should not be marked in the submission.
Please note that it can take 24 hours to receive an originality report when using the Turnitin system.
Please ensure you include your reference list within your Turnitin submission. 8
Coursework Assessment Feedback
Matriculation No.
Date of Submission:
Module: Leadership Strategy and Innovation
Part B: Essay
Cohort:
Category
Comment
Presentation of the essay. Clear use of paragraphs and headings and the text is free from typographical and spelling errors.
(10%)
Referencing of content. Consistent use of Harvard Referencing throughout the essay with adequate citation support for arguments being made.
(10%)
Analysis.
Comprehensive examination of appropriate theoretical frameworks and models. Strong arguments presented with critical insights and good communication skills in evidence.
(60%)
Conclusions.
Clear identification of key themes and issues. Synthesis of core arguments and formulation of insights and recommendations as appropriate
(20%)
General Comments:
Overall Grade:
Marker:
N.B. the percentages are shown as indications of the relative importance of each section and should not be taken as a precise indication of the marking scheme.
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This activity aims to:

1. Increase your knowledge of research designs and methodologies utilised in medical radiations
2. Develop your skills in sourcing scientific papers
3. Develop your academic writing skills
4. Develop your skills in using different referencing styles in a written submission

New articles from 2012 to 2016

Instruction for Tutorial
You need to write a summary of a research article (that you have searched for and retrieved from a health and medical
database) from a professionally relevant MRS journal.

This summary must contain:

* Journal article citation details
* The name of the database you searched and the key words you used for your search

Introduction (3-5 sentences) which provides a concise description of the background and context of the study. You need toreference at least one other research study that supports the background to the study you are summarising. A clear statementof the purpose of the study you are summarising is then provided.

The research design and method (e.g. data collection method, sample, data analysis method) used in the study you aresummarising to investigate the problem or issue (3-4 sentences).

The results of the study are provided – what are the key findings from the data analysis in the study you aresummarising (3-8 sentences).

Discussion –The results of the study you are summarising are interpreted in relation to what they mean for this study and in relation to other published results. You need to find at least two other research study (yes in addition to the one in theintroduction) (3-5 sentences). You must include in your discussion at least one key discussion point that is supported by two references

Conclusion –Finally, present a concise answer to the research question that the study you are summarizing addressed, and if possible identify e.g. recommendations about policy, practice or further research.
Reference list – Contains minimum of 4 articles (the article you are summarising plus the three additional articlesyou cite in your summary) formatted in the two appropriate referencing styles.
(formatted in APA and Vancouver)

So in summary for tutorial 1 you need to bring with you the following FOUR items:

1. Full copy of Turnitin Report of the summary of research article (You only submit your summary through Turnitin once)
2. Summary of research article formatted in APA
3. Summary of research article formatted in Vancouver (as both styles are used in our discipline journals)
4. Completed checklist (over page) that is to be handed in to tutor in your scheduled tutorial time

CHECKLIST

1- Citation for summarised research article includes all required information and correctly formatted
2- Database searched is listed and relevant
3- Key words used for searching are listed and relevant
4- Journal is professionally relevant to MRS
5- Turnitin Report included and demonstrates good paraphrasing skills
6- The submission is well written (appropriate punctuation, grammar and spelling). It is easy to read and understand.
7- Summary formatted in APA style
8- Summary formatted in Vancouver style
9- Summary demonstrates how to in-text reference using more than I reference at a key point
10- Reference list included and correctly formatted

Torrens Title – Indefeasibility of Title, Caveats, Fraud, Registration and Priorities – Real Property Act 1900 (NSW)

2 QUESTION

Fred owns land in NSW. His solicitor Joe, takes the certificate of title and stated he was acting as agent for Fred and sells to Henry at a large discount. Henry did NOT know of the fraud of Joe but was suspicious but did not make any further enquiries.
At settlement Henry received the certificate of title for the land and a transfer, which had Fred’s forged signature.
Henry then sold the land to Carol. Carol did a search of the title and found that there were no caveats on the land.
At settlement, Carol received the certificate of title and the forged transfer. from Wendy to Jackie. Mary had the dealing stamped and then drove to the office of Land and Property Information (LPI) in order to lodge the documents
Discuss the applicable law relating to Torrens Title – Indefeasibility of Title, Caveats, Fraud, Registration and Priorities with regard to the Real Property Act 1900 (NSW)
Referencing style must comply with: Australian Guide to Legal Citation.

3 BACKGROUND INFORMATION – please do not just copy into the paper

Torrens title is that a member of the general community, acting in good faith, can rely on the information on the land register as to the rights and interests of parties recorded there, and act on the basis of that information. A prospective purchaser, for example, is not required to look beyond that record. The legislation governing Torrens Title in New South Wales is the Real Property Act 1900
The main object of the system is to make the register conclusive (in most cases) without a transferee or purchaser having to look behind the register as was the case in the “old system title” system inherited from age-old English legal practice and procedure. Once your name is registered or recorded on the title register under Torrens title you become the owner of the property to the exclusion of all others, by the very fact of registration. You therefore obtain “title by registration”, which is the pivotal concept of Torrens Title.
The registered proprietor of Torrens land is said to have an indefeasible title. That means that only in very limited circumstances can his or her title be challenged. Normally, the person who is recorded as the owner of a parcel of land cannot have his title challenged or overturned. This concept is known as “indefeasibility” of title. There are, however, exceptions to this general rule. The main ones being:
• if a dealing is registered fraudulently

In New South Wales is that a purchaser who acquires land through a forged or fraudulent instrument, but is not a party to the fraud, will receive an indefeasible title on registration of the forged or fraudulent instrument, and the former owner will not be entitled to have the title restored or to monetary compensation from the new owner/purchaser.

Indefeasibility of title applies to the registered proprietor or joint proprietors of land.
• s 42 (known as the ‘key indefeasibility provision’) – the proprietor listed on the register holds the land free of any interests which are not listed on the register (there are exceptions).
o Doesn’t apply in the case of fraud.
• s 43 (known as the ‘notice provision’) – once a person completes a transfer from the real proprietor, he is free from any trust or unregistered interests, even if he had notice of that interest (there are exceptions).
o Doesn’t apply in the case of fraud.
o Note: this is essentially the overruling of the usual priority doctrine for earlier equitable interests vs. later legal interests.
There is also a less important s 43A, which deals with situation where there is a competition between a person holding an earlier equitable interest, and a person who has obtained a later equitable interest through a dealing with the registered proprietor (ie, whose interest is registrable, but has not yet been registered). For the purposes of such a scenario, the equitable interest of the person dealing with the registered proprietor is treated as a legal interest
These doctrines are concerned with a situation where a person (the ‘forger’) forges the signature of the real proprietor on a transfer and sells the property to an innocent purchaser. Both the real proprietor and the purchaser are innocent, and both want the property. There are two (opposing) approaches to such a situation:
• Immediate indefeasibility – the purchaser obtains indefeasible title once he registers the transfer regardless of the fact that the document was invalid. He becomes immediately indefeasible.
• Deferred indefeasibility – the purchaser’s title is defeasible and can be ‘set aside’ if the real proprietor makes a claim. However, if the purchaser transfers his title to a new purchaser (bona fide and for valuable consideration) before any such claim is made, that new purchaser’s title does become indefeasible. Thus, the indefeasibility is deferred until a new bona fide purchaser arrives
In Frazer v Walker (from NZ), the court held that the doctrine of immediate indefeasibility prevails. This was then confirmed by NSW legislation in s 45 of the Real Property Act 1900 (NSW).
• This means that a purchaser registered through fraud, error, or by means of a void instrument nevertheless grants the purchaser indefeasible title immediately (as long as the purchaser didn’t cause the fraud).
These issues, and what happens in the case where the first purchaser uses fraud, are discussed in Breskvar v Wall:
• Registration creates title even if the situation is within the exceptions listed in the act (such as fraud). The difference is that the title is subject to the rights on the defrauded vendor (ie, the title is defeasible).
• The fraud creates an equitable interest on the part of the defrauded vendor, which is not barred by the legislation because there is an exception made for fraud. The vendor can thus cancel the registration of the purchaser.
• However, once the purchaser transfers his title to a third party (bona fide and good consideration), it becomes a question of priorities.
o If the third party completes registration entirely, than he obtains indefeasible title.
o If the third party doesn’t complete registration before the original vendor bring a claim, the vendor’s earlier equitable interest would prevail over the third party’s later equitable interest unless the vendor’s conduct helped encourage the third party’s false assumption (that the title vested with the fraudulent purchaser).
Note that Breskvar was decided before the introduction of s 43A, which would now settle the dispute.
The leading judicial statement as to what constitutes fraud within the Torrens title legislation,
is the following extract from Assets Company Ltd v Mere Roihi (1905) AC 176, at p210:
Fraud” requires actual fraud, and actual personal dishonesty or moral turpitude by the
registered proprietor, for example National Commercial Banking Corporation of Australia
Limited v Hedley (1984) NSW ConvR 55-211
For there to be fraud, there must be knowledge either that someone would be deprived of an
interest, or that the Registrar General would be misled (for example Australian Guarantee
Corporation v De Jager [1984] VR 483
In Wiamiha Sawmilling Co Ltd v Waiore Timber Co Ltd (1923) NZLR1,137, at page 1,173
and 1,175, the Court said:

“The true test of fraud is not whether the purchaser actually knew for a certainty of
the existence of the adverse right, but whether he knew enough to make it his duty as
an honest man to hold his hand…”

4 CASES

Frazer v Walker (1967) 1 AC 569
Breskvar v Wall (1971) 126 CLR 376
Gibbs v Messer
Assets Company Ltd v Mere Roihi (1905) AC 176
Wiamiha Sawmilling Co Ltd v Waiore Timber Co Ltd (1923) NZLR1,137
National Commercial Banking Corporation of Australia
Limited v Hedley (1984) NSW ConvR 55-211
Australian Guarantee
Corporation v De Jager [1984] VR 483

Module Description
This module will introduce students to current and cutting-edge developments and debates in the field of sociology, linking them to older traditions and currents of the discipline.

students will receive a lecture/workshop from a different member of academic staff in the Department each week, focusing on their particular area of specialism, the work in which they are currently engaged, and how this work relates to developments in the wider discipline and beyond. This will enable students to gain an understanding of the limits and possibilities of Sociology as a discipline, through engagement with a wide range of approaches (in terms of methodology, empirical focus and theoretical approach), to develop their own interests in specific areas of work (in preparation for the dissertation) and to relate these specific interests to other sociological approaches.

By linking the innovative research currently conducted in the Department with longer-standing questions in Sociology, the module will challenge students who have studied Sociology at undergraduate level, as well as acting as an engaging introduction to the discipline to those who are new to it.

Throughout the module, students will be encouraged to make links and consider contradictions between and within different approaches to sociological research, theory and practice. Students are encouraged to develop writing and presentation skills early in the module in order to share their analysis and learn from one another, taking a lead in shaping their own understandings and developing special interests within Sociology.
When writing your assessed essay you should aim to:
• Directly address and answer the essay question
• Use a wide range of relevant sources, properly referenced
• Demonstrate your understanding and appreciation of the sources you use and of relevant theories. One
way to do this is to provide examples that are relevant to the question.
• Set sources and viewpoints in context, and evaluate the ideas you discuss
• Substantiate the points you make with evidence
• Structure your essay in a logical way
• Write clearly (remember, the aim is to communicate your ideas rather than to demonstrate that you know
a lot of long words!)

Using one academic source, explain the components of Gross Domestic Product (GDP). ??????????(30 marks)

Discuss the merits of Gross Domestic Product in measuring economic welfare.