Special Education Eligibility Reference Booklet
Table of Contents
1. Learning Disabilities
2. Autism Spectrum Disorders
3. Intellectual Disabilities
4. Attention Deficit Hyperactivity Disorder (ADHD)
5. Emotional Disturbance
1. Learning Disabilities
IDEA Definition
According to the Individuals with Disabilities Education Act (IDEA), learning disabilities are a group of disorders that affect the ability to understand or use spoken or written language, perform mathematical calculations, coordinate movements, or pay attention.
Signs and Symptoms
– Difficulty with reading (dyslexia)
– Trouble understanding math concepts
– Issues with writing (dysgraphia)
– Problems with organization and time management
– Difficulty following instructions
Effects on Education
– Struggles in academic performance
– Low self-esteem
– Increased frustration with schoolwork
– Potential for behavioral issues due to frustration
How to Best Educate
– Use individualized instruction tailored to the student’s needs.
– Incorporate multisensory teaching methods.
– Provide explicit instruction and practice opportunities.
– Use assistive technology to support learning.
Appropriate Support Services
– Special education services (IEPs)
– Reading specialists or tutors
– Speech-language therapy
– Counseling services
2. Autism Spectrum Disorders (ASD)
IDEA Definition
IDEA defines autism as a developmental disability significantly affecting verbal and nonverbal communication and social interaction, generally evident before age three, that adversely affects a child’s educational performance.
Signs and Symptoms
– Difficulty with social interactions and understanding social cues
– Repetitive behaviors or restricted interests
– Communication challenges, including delayed speech or lack of eye contact
– Sensitivity to sensory input (e.g., sounds, lights)
Effects on Education
– Challenges in forming peer relationships
– Difficulty understanding classroom rules and routines
– Potential for anxiety and frustration in social settings
How to Best Educate
– Implement structured routines and visual schedules.
– Use social stories to teach social skills.
– Provide clear expectations and reinforce positive behavior.
– Offer sensory breaks when necessary.
Appropriate Support Services
– Behavioral therapy (e.g., ABA therapy)
– Speech and language therapy
– Occupational therapy for sensory needs
– Social skills training
3. Intellectual Disabilities
IDEA Definition
Intellectual disabilities are defined by significantly impaired intellectual functioning and deficits in adaptive behavior, which affects everyday social and practical skills. This disability originates before the age of 18.
Signs and Symptoms
– Below-average IQ (typically below 70)
– Difficulty with problem-solving and reasoning skills
– Challenges in adaptive functioning, such as self-care and social skills
– Delays in developmental milestones
Effects on Education
– Challenges in academic achievement across various subjects
– Need for adapted curriculum and teaching strategies
– Potential for reliance on adults for support
How to Best Educate
– Use concrete, hands-on learning experiences.
– Incorporate life skills training into the curriculum.
– Differentiate instruction based on individual needs.
– Encourage peer interactions to foster social skills.
Appropriate Support Services
– Special education services (IEPs)
– Life skills training programs
– Speech-language therapy if needed
– Counseling services for emotional support
4. Attention Deficit Hyperactivity Disorder (ADHD)
IDEA Definition
ADHD is classified under Other Health Impairments in IDEA. It is characterized by persistent patterns of inattention and/or hyperactivity that interfere with functioning or development.
Signs and Symptoms
– Difficulty sustaining attention in tasks or play activities
– Fidgeting or tapping hands/feet; difficulty remaining seated
– Impulsivity and difficulty waiting for a turn
– Frequent interruptions or intrusions in conversations
Effects on Education
– Academic difficulties due to inattention or impulsivity
– Disruptive behavior in the classroom
– Challenges with organization and time management
How to Best Educate
– Provide clear expectations and consistent routines.
– Use positive reinforcement for desired behavior.
– Incorporate movement breaks throughout the day.
– Utilize organizational tools such as planners or checklists.
Appropriate Support Services
– Special education services (IEPs or 504 Plans)
– Behavioral interventions and support
– Counseling services for emotional regulation
– Medication management (if applicable)
5. Emotional Disturbance
IDEA Definition
Emotional disturbance refers to a condition that exhibits one or more of the following characteristics over a long period: inability to learn not explained by other factors, inability to build or maintain satisfactory relationships, inappropriate types of behavior, general mood of unhappiness or depression, and physical symptoms or fears associated with personal or school problems.
Signs and Symptoms
– Withdrawal from peers or activities
– Frequent mood swings or emotional outbursts
– Difficulty maintaining relationships
– Persistent feelings of sadness or anxiety
Effects on Education
– Poor academic performance due to emotional instability
– Difficulty engaging in classroom activities
– Increased risk of disciplinary actions
How to Best Educate
– Create a safe, supportive classroom environment.
– Foster strong relationships through trust-building activities.
– Implement individualized behavior intervention plans.
– Integrate social-emotional learning into the curriculum.
Appropriate Support Services
– Counseling services for emotional support
– Behavioral therapy interventions
– Social skills training
– Collaboration with mental health professionals
This booklet serves as a reference for understanding eligibility for special education services based on various disabilities. It provides essential information that can guide educators in creating inclusive learning environments that cater to all students’ needs.
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