Category: philosophy

Causal relations

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Sometimes, Hume seems to have meant to suggest that we revise our beliefs about causal relations: instead of thinking there is a necessary connection between cause and effect we should just think in terms of constant conjunctions. In other places in the text, he seems to have held that we will inevitably believe in necessary connections between cause and effect. Explain each option, listing what you see as its most important advantages and disadvantages. Which way of thinking about causal relations do you think we should adopt?

 

 

The appropriateness of escaping.

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Suppose you encountered someone who maintained:

much of what Socrates went through at the end of his life could have been easily avoided if he had only taken his own advice and lived a private life (Apology, 32a). He would not have offended the rich and powerful, he would not have been put on trial, and he would not have had to reason with Crito about the appropriateness of escaping.

How would you reply? Would “being private” in this sense mean giving up anything that he holds to be important? If so, clarify what would have to be forsaken, and why you think he would not be willing to do so.

 

Plato’s Socrates

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Suppose Meletus overheard the discussion in the Crito and went to Plato’s Socrates saying “In your discussion with Crito you indicated you were able to propose and defend substantive theses–you claimed to know whether escape would be just, that it is never right to return a wrong for a wrong, and you claimed to know what sort of life is worth living. In making such claims you show you do not really believe that human wisdom amounts to little. That is, you lied during the trial when you professed ignorance. It seems to me your sentence is just!”

How would you respond to this charge? Is Plato’s Socrates inconsistent or contradictory? Can Plato’s Socrates both claim to be ignorant and to know moral truths?

Gabrielle Suchon

Posted on | by Brian Leakey

Discuss the particular philosopher, including the significance of the person, problem or theme, and investigate new insights, new solutions, and new appreciations relative to your topic. This is an argumentative paper.
Gabrielle Suchon
Readers have no doubts regarding Suchon’s writing goals after reading her work. Treatise on Ethics and Politics, her debut work, was published in 1693 and quickly states its point with the subtitle A Little Treatise on the Weakness, Frivolity, and Inconstancy, That Are Wrongly Attributed to Women. Suchon wants to demonstrate that attitudes that “persons of the sex,” or women, are inherently weak, trivial, and inconstant are simply that, attitudes. These stereotypes are cited as justification for policies that prevent women from obtaining information, holding positions of leadership, and exercising their independence. French philosopher Gabrielle Suchon (1632–1703), who lived in the seventeenth century, is renowned for her humanist and feminist Christian beliefs. Her writings had a significant impact on French culture in the late 17th and early 18th century, but until recently, contemporary researchers mostly ignored her. Some of her main philosophical tenets are listed below:

  1. Feminism: Suchon, one of the early feminist thinkers, promoted women’s participation in education and public life as well as the intellectual and moral equality of women and men. In her essay “The Equality of Men and Women,” she claimed that societal conventions, not biological differences, account for the differences between men and women.
  2. Ethical theory: Suchon created an ethical theory based on the idea of the “moral soul,” which she thought might result in moral deeds that were in accordance with nature’s rules. She disregarded the notion of inflexible moral standards, contending that morality was subject to the individual and the social setting.
  3. Christian humanism: Suchon was greatly inspired by Christian humanism, which argued that since God endowed us with the ability to reason, we may use that ability to recognize moral truths. She held that the Christian faith was founded on reason and that philosophy and theology could be used in conjunction with one another to more fully comprehend heavenly truths.
  4. Natural theology: Suchon also created a natural theology, which asserted that the essence of God could be ascertained using the principles of natural philosophy. She argued that humans might grasp the divine via natural reason and observation of the universe, rejecting the notion that God’s existence could only be established by revelation.
    In conclusion, Gabrielle Suchon holds feminisms, a philosophy of ethics based on the moral soul, humanist ideals held by Christians, and a natural theology that stresses the importance of reason in comprehending the divine.

Kant’s Ethics And Our Duty

Posted on | by admin3

Kant’s famous First Formulation of the Categorical Imperative reads, “Act only according to that maxim whereby you can at the same time will that it should become a universal law.” Kant taught morality as a matter of following maxims of living that reflect absolute laws. “Universal” is a term that allows for no exceptions, and what is universal applies always and everywhere. Don’t forget about the second formulation of the categorical imperative which states, “Act in such a way that you treat humanity, whether in your own person or in the person of another, always at the same time as an end and never simply as a means.” It is just as important.

For the initial post, address one of the following sets of questions:

What are the personal and/or communal ethical factors that may be involved in determining the moral position of either side given a contemporary debate, such as those concerning animal rights, stem cell research, abortion, the death penalty, and so forth?
Elaborate in detail the ethical positions arrived at by using the Kantian categorical imperative relative to the long standing debate surrounding the death penalty or abortion. Argue the ethics from the point of view of the prisoner or from the fetus
Evaluate the ethical positions in part two. You will want to detail whether they are convincing, logical, correct, consistent, etc.

 

Kant’s Ethics And Our Duty

Posted on | by admin3

 

 

Kant’s famous First Formulation of the Categorical Imperative reads, “Act only according to that maxim whereby you can at the same time will that it should become a universal law.” Kant taught morality as a matter of following maxims of living that reflect absolute laws. “Universal” is a term that allows for no exceptions, and what is universal applies always and everywhere. Don’t forget about the second formulation of the categorical imperative which states, “Act in such a way that you treat humanity, whether in your own person or in the person of another, always at the same time as an end and never simply as a means.” It is just as important.

For the initial post, address one of the following sets of questions:

What are the personal and/or communal ethical factors that may be involved in determining the moral position of either side given a contemporary debate, such as those concerning animal rights, stem cell research, abortion, the death penalty, and so forth?
Elaborate in detail the ethical positions arrived at by using the Kantian categorical imperative relative to the long standing debate surrounding the death penalty or abortion. Argue the ethics from the point of view of the prisoner or from the fetus
Evaluate the ethical positions in part two. You will want to detail whether they are convincing, logical, correct, consistent, etc.