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Discuss the similarities and differences between the discounted dividend and corporate valuation models.
This chapter discusses the discounted dividend and corporate valuation models for valuing common stocks. Two alternative approaches, the P/E multiple and EVA approaches, were presented. Explain each approach and how you might use each one to value a common stock.
Legal Implications of School Finance Chapter 3 of Owings and Kaplan (2020) explored the legal implications of school finance ranging from the role of the federal government, the first education laws, state laws regarding school finance and significant court decisions related to issues including: vouchers, charter schools and charter schools. In this assignment, you will have the opportunity to further explore court decisions related to school finance that may have an impact on your decision making as a school leader, as you determine how to allocate your resources.
Instructions: Based on the Module 1 readings :
● Review some of the important court cases mentioned in Owings and Kaplan (2020) that have impacted school finance reform in recent years. You may also visit https://nces.ed.gov/edfin/litigation.asp for additional cases.
● Write a 5-7 page paper summarizing and describing the impact of each case. As you analyze and reflect, provide some detail regarding how each case will impact your work as a school leader.
Be sure to cite and reference your sources in APA format. The links below can provide you with guidance and examples on using APA format.
https://owl.purdue.edu/owl/research_and_citation/apa_style/apa_style_introduction.html
https://writing.wisc.edu/Handbook/DocAPA.html
https://nces.ed.gov/edfin/litigation.asp
https://owl.purdue.edu/owl/research_and_citation/apa_style/apa_style_introduction.html
https://writing.wisc.edu/Handbook/DocAPA.html
https://writing.wisc.edu/Handbook/DocAPA.html
Case: Foreign Exchange Trading at Baldwin Enterprises
Baldwin Enterprises is a large manufacturing company with operations and sales
divisions located in the United States and several other countries. The CFO of the
organization, Wes Hamrick, is concerned about the amount of money Baldwin has
been paying in transaction costs in the foreign exchange markets and has asked
you to help optimize Baldwin’s foreign exchange treasury functions. With
operations in several countries, Baldwin maintains cash assets in several different
currencies: U.S. dollars (USD), the European Union’s euro (EUR), Great Britain’s
pound (GBP), Hong Kong dollars (HKD), and Japanese yen (JPY). To meet the
different cash flow requirements associated with the company’s operations
around the world, Baldwin must often move funds from one location (and
currency) to another. For instance, to pay an unexpected maintenance expense at
their facility in Japan, Baldwin may need to convert some of its holdings in
U.S. dollars to Japanese yen.
The foreign exchange (FX) market is a network of financial institutions and brokers
in which individuals, businesses, banks, and governments buy and sell the
currencies of different countries. They do so in order to finance international trade,
invest or do business abroad, or speculate on currency price changes. The FX
market operates 24 hours a day and represents the largest and most liquid
marketplace in the global economy. On average, the equivalent of about $1.5 trillion
in different currencies is traded daily in the FX market around the world. The
liquidity of the market provides businesses with access to international markets for
goods
and services by providing foreign currency necessary for transactions
worldwide (see
http://www.ny.frb.org/fxc).
The FX market operates in much the same way as a stock or commodity
market where there is a bid price and ask price for each commodity (or, in this case,
currency). Abid price is
the price at with the market is willing to buy a particular currency, and the ask
price is the price at which the market is willing to sell a currency. The ask prices
are typically
slightly
higher than the bid prices for the same currency — representing the
transaction cost or
the profit earned by the organizations that keep the market liquid. The
following table summarizes the current FX rates for the currencies Baldwin currently
holds. The entries in this table represent the conversion rates from the row
currencies to the column currencies.
Convert/to
USD
EUR
GBP
HKD
JPY
USD
1
1.01864 0.6409
7.7985
118.55
EUR
0.9724
1
0.6295
7.6552
116.41
GBP
1.5593
1.5881
1
12.154
184.97
HKD
0.12812
0.1304
0.0821
1
15.1005
JPY
0.00843
0.00856
0.0054
0.0658
1
For example, the table indicates that 1 British pound (GBP) can be
exchanged (or sold) for 1.5593 U.S. dollars (USD). Thus, $1.5593 is the bid price, in
U.S. dollars, for 1 British pound. Alternatively, the table indicates 1 U.S. dollar (USD)
can be exchanged (sold) for 0.6409 British pounds (GBP). So, it takes about 1.5603
U.S. dollars (or 1/0.6409) to buy 1 British pound (or the ask price, in U.S. dollars, for
1 British pound is roughly $1.5603). Notice that if you took 1 British pound,
converted it to 1.5593 U.S. dollars, and then converted those 1.5593 dollars back
to British pounds, you would end up with only 0.999355 British pounds (that is,
1 * 1.5593 * 0.6409 = 0.999355). The money you lose in this exchange is the
transaction cost. Baldwin’s current portfolio of cash holdings includes 2 million
USD, 5 million EUR, 1 million GBP, 3 million HKD, and 30 million JPY. This
portfolio is equivalent to $ 9,058,560 USD under the current exchange rates
(given earlier). Wes has asked you to design a currency- trading plan that would
increase Baldwin’s euro and yen holdings to 8 million EUR and 54 million JPY,
respectively, while maintaining the equivalent of at least $ 250,000 USD in
each currency. Baldwin measures transaction costs as the change in the USD
equivalent value of the portfolio. As Wes’ assistant, he has asked you to figure out
the optimal trading plan?
Task
Economic Challenges of Retrofitting Existing Buildings in Hong Kong
You as the business manager need to be able to determine larger sources of funding by creating a financial plan to help reduce duplication of resources, identify requirements and risks, and determine various financing options. Completing this planning is an important step for all businesses to take if they want to succeed. Larger companies may delegate this process to financial managers, financial analysts, or operations managers.
You decide to create a financial plan for your company to help distinguish between sources, requirements, and risks associated with various types of long- and short-term financing capital structure that your company can potentially use in the future.
Assessment Deliverable
Draft a 3- to 4-page financial plan for your company. This plan should include sections for a business case and profit-and-loss statements. Include the following items:
A business case that includes a description, type of business, and sources of funding
Note: Use your Wk 5 Assessment Prep: Business Case Research assignment and feedback.
A profit-and-loss statement for a 3-year period
Project revenue. State realistic assumptions, such as growth per year, in your projections.
Estimate direct costs, including capital, marketing, labor, and supply costs.
A conclusion that includes an explanation of what working through a financial plan can do for a larger company
Please be indepth, specific and support your analysis and please look at the rubic grading sheet for this week which is week 6 that’s attached to make sure you have everything what the professor asking for in this project.
“Create a financial plan outlining a clear, financial overview for your business of choice. Address potential financial issues in the business environment. Include relevant topics from what you have learned throughout the semester, which could include your business financial and capital budgeting plan, working capital management, short and long-term financing and overall capital structure. Provide research examples to support the development of your Program Portfolio Project overview.”
What would it mean to argue that the financial elite are primarily involved in rentierism? Do you agree with this argument? Why / why not?
Write an essay about the impact of unsafe personal behavior (e.g., reckless driving, smoking tobacco…) on the insurance premiums we pay. Specifically, focus on the impact of unnecessary claims on others who buy insurance too and therefore share in the cost of our claims. Grades will be based on content as well as on creativity. Credit will not be given for poorly written papers. The professor will gladly provide feedback during the writing process. Students will need to upload the final version of their essays to Canvas, which checks for plagiarism. Be sure to include citations and a references section. A four-trait rubric will be used to grade student papers:
Trait One: Content. The content is rich and demonstrates the student
researched the topic very well [6 points]
Trait Two: Followed Instructions. The student followed the instructions (e.g. Twelve-point font, double-spaced, 1,250 words plus exhibits, references page) [2 points]
Trait Three: Tone. The tone throughout the paper is appropriate for an academic paper. [1 point]
Trait Three: Writing. The writing is appropriate and free of errors. [6 points]
Provide an example of an economic recession impacting the financial performance of an industry of your choosing. Is it possible for an industry to perform well during economic downturns? What components of a financial plan might differ depending on industry? How do you determine what to include when drafting a financial plan for your organization?
If more than 60 percent of the federal budget is “mandatory spending,” what is left to cut? What economic goals do categories of mandatory spending support? What programs should be abolished or cut? Should any programs be expanded? If so, identify which ones and explain why they should be expanded.ief agencies such as the Red Cross?
In recent years, the American armed forces have been called on to perform duties that are more humanitarian than militaristic, providing support after the Fukushima disaster, in addition to funds for drought victimes in Ethiopia, COVID-19 vaccinations to countries who could not afford them, Ebola patients in West Africa, and earthquake victimes in Nepal. Do we have an obligation to assist other countries experiencing a crisis, or should that be left to private relief agencies such as the Red Cross?