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in 150-250 words and reference answer the following question
Share an economic or financial situation that has stood out to you (e.g., the NHL lockout or the NASCAR ratings decline). What interested you most about your chosen situation? Why are financial skills valuable in sport organizations?
you’re going to research two contrasting cultures and explore how their traditions, beliefs, and norms would impact your guest service choices.
you’re going to research two contrasting cultures and explore how their traditions, beliefs, and norms would impact your guest service choices.
Examine the most recent Income Statement, which may also be called Statement of Revenues and Expenses. This is numbered page 15 of the SCRMC report. Answer the following questions:
13. What are revenues? Give examples.
14. What were the total operating revenues for the year? Did it increase, decrease or stay about the same since the prior year?
15. What are expenses? Give examples.
16. What were the total operating expenses for the year? Did it increase, decrease or stay about the same since the prior year?
17. Did the current year result in an excess of revenue over expenses (may also called operating income or income from operations)? Did the operating income increase, decrease or stay about the same?
18. How much were salaries, wages and employee benefits for the year (in dollars)?
19. Calculate the percentage of total operating expenses accounted for by salaries, wages and employee benefits. (Salaries, wages and benefits / total operating expenses) Convert the decimal to a percentage, example 0.42 = 42%. What does this percentage tell you?
20. Did this healthcare organization make or lose money in the last fiscal year? Explain your answer.
Financial reports are important accounting tools to read and understand. If you’re having a difficult time with the concepts, try creating financial reports for your own household to learn the terminology. There is free software online to set up your accounts and track your finances. One that I recommend is https://www.mint.com/. Quicken software is wonderful if you have a complicated financial life, own a small business, stocks, bonds or rental property. You might also consider taking an accounting course. Sometimes classes in accounting for small businesses are offered for free at local community colleges and other resource centers.
Financial reports are typically created quarterly and annually, sometimes more frequently. Dashboards are a tool for more immediate progress information.
Questions to reflect upon:
1. Does your organization currently use dashboard metrics?
2. Who has access to it and what type of data is available?
3. At the bare minimum, most managers have access to daily staffing numbers and patient census information. What other information would be useful to help you and other managers act in financially responsible ways?
Examine the most recent Income Statement, which may also be called Statement of Revenues and Expenses. This is numbered page 15 of the SCRMC report. Answer the following questions:
13. What are revenues? Give examples.
14. What were the total operating revenues for the year? Did it increase, decrease or stay about the same since the prior year?
15. What are expenses? Give examples.
16. What were the total operating expenses for the year? Did it increase, decrease or stay about the same since the prior year?
17. Did the current year result in an excess of revenue over expenses (may also called operating income or income from operations)? Did the operating income increase, decrease or stay about the same?
18. How much were salaries, wages and employee benefits for the year (in dollars)?
19. Calculate the percentage of total operating expenses accounted for by salaries, wages and employee benefits. (Salaries, wages and benefits / total operating expenses) Convert the decimal to a percentage, example 0.42 = 42%. What does this percentage tell you?
20. Did this healthcare organization make or lose money in the last fiscal year? Explain your answer.
Financial reports are important accounting tools to read and understand. If you’re having a difficult time with the concepts, try creating financial reports for your own household to learn the terminology. There is free software online to set up your accounts and track your finances. One that I recommend is https://www.mint.com/. Quicken software is wonderful if you have a complicated financial life, own a small business, stocks, bonds or rental property. You might also consider taking an accounting course. Sometimes classes in accounting for small businesses are offered for free at local community colleges and other resource centers.
Financial reports are typically created quarterly and annually, sometimes more frequently. Dashboards are a tool for more immediate progress information.
Questions to reflect upon:
1. Does your organization currently use dashboard metrics?
2. Who has access to it and what type of data is available?
3. At the bare minimum, most managers have access to daily staffing numbers and patient census information. What other information would be useful to help you and other managers act in financially responsible ways?
• Take a side either pro or con that you believe is stronger.
• Your assignment should be 750-1000 words and formatted using APA format.
• At least two sources should be used to support your position (In addition to those provided)
• Do some research to add support to position that adds to the sources and information from the text.
• Be sure to cite your sources correctly.
Introduction
The relationship between immigration and crime has been debated for more than 100 years. With the large influx of mostly European immigrants in the late 1800s and early 1900s, U.S. natives feared that newcomers were criminal and would destroy the social fabric of American society. After decades of assimilation and acculturation into American society, the image of the criminal immigrant mainly subsided until the next large influx of immigrants entered the United States beginning in the 1960s. This wave of immigration coincided with increases in the crime rate in general, including an increase in the U.S. homicide rate between 1960 and 1990.80 Once again, immigrants were viewed as criminals.
While some politicians and interest groups have argued that the influx of immigrants has had negative consequences for American society, others have described data that run counter to this position. On the one hand, nearly a century of research confirms that foreign-born immigrants residing in the United States are less criminal than their native-born peers.81 On the other hand, much research shows that children of immigrants living in the United States (i.e., second- and third-generation immigrants) are at greater risk of engaging in criminal behavior than first-generation immigrant children.82
PRO: Immigration Increases Crime
One argument for how immigration may increase crime centers on population increase. Between 1965 and 2015, new immigrants (first-generation immigrants), their children (second generation), and grandchildren (third generation) accounted for 55% of U.S. population growth.83 In 2015, the foreign-born population (first-generation immigrants) made up 13.9% of the country’s population.84 It is projected that over the next 50 years, the foreign-born population will account for 88% of the country’s population increase.85 The increase in this population may be of concern given the demographic similarities between criminal offenders and recent immigrants. Like criminal offenders, recent immigrants tend to be young, male, poorly educated, and from a racial or ethnic minority group.86 Perhaps by increasing the numbers of the most crime-prone demographic, immigrants could contribute to increases in the crime rate.
Immigrant generational status has also been shown to influence crime rates. Historically—and still today—studies find that first-generation immigrants are less criminal than their U.S.-born counterparts. However, crime involvement appears to increase through successive generations. Research shows that second- and third-generation youth (U.S.-born individuals) exhibit a number of negative social and behavioral outcomes compared with their foreign-born parents. Second- and third-generation youth have, on average, lower self-control, more delinquent peers, and less parental supervision; spend more time in unstructured activities with peers; and report more parent–child conflict at home compared with first-generation youth.87 These findings suggest that length of time in the United States increases crime among immigrant groups.88 Similarly, studies that differentiate between first-generation immigrants who arrived in the United States at a young age (before 12 or 13) and those who arrived at a later age show that those who came at a young age tend to report greater crime involvement than those who came at a later age.89 This finding suggests that age of arrival can also influence criminal outcomes.
Another argument for how immigration increases crime suggests that immigration may influence the criminal involvement of members of the native U.S. population. In particular, one study found a strong relationship between immigration, Black employment rates and wages, and Black incarceration rates.90 This analysis suggests that the increase in immigrant workers (in certain sectors) lowered the wages and employment rate of Black people workers in those sectors, which indirectly increased the incarceration rate for Black people.
CON: Immigration Does Not Increase Crime
Increases in both the immigrant population and the U.S. crime rate occurred simultaneously during the 1960s through the 1990s. Given this finding, it is not surprising that much of the public believed immigrants were responsible for the increase in crime. However, crime dramatically decreased in the 1990s while the immigrant population continued to grow.91 This prompted a number of researchers to examine if increases in immigration increased crime. The same pattern emerged from those studies: Immigration did not contribute to the crime increase and, in some areas, immigration may have actually lowered or decreased the crime rate.92
Official records from the 1980s suggest that many cities with large immigrant populations also experienced high crime rates. If the immigrants were the cause of increased crime rates, then it would be expected that any change in the immigrant population would change the crime rate in that city. However, numerous studies reported no relationship between changes in the immigrant population and changes in the overall crime rates.93 Analyses looking at changes in the 1990s also indicated decreases in the crime rate, especially the violent crime rate, as the immigrant population increased.94 The same pattern was seen in the early 2000s. Violent victimization rates hit a record low in 2002 despite the growing immigrant population. Additionally, cities with the largest concentration of immigrants experienced the greatest drops in the violent crime rate.95
In an argument made in the preceding section, it was suggested that immigrants may influence the crime rate of native populations. In some areas, however, living in a neighborhood with a large concentration of immigrants has been shown to result in lower violence, even among the native-born population of Black people and Whites.96
Even though studies discussed in the previous section suggest that second- and third-generation youth are more crime prone, those same studies also find that overall, these youth tend to be less involved or equally involved in crime compared with their native-born counterparts.97
Summary
There are three main patterns that have emerged in immigration and crime research. First, foreign-born individuals report less involvement in crime compared with their native-born counterparts. Second, the children of immigrants, namely the second and third generations, show greater involvement in crime than their foreign-born counterparts (i.e., first generation). Third, neighborhoods with large and/or growing immigrant populations tend to witness declines in the overall crime rates, especially for violent crimes.
Some scholars suggest that immigrant communities can protect residents and youth from adopting a deviant lifestyle through a common ethnic subculture that helps create social ties among residents.98 Thus, the concentration of immigrants may act as a protective factor against crime, particularly violence.99
The issue of why second- and third-generation immigrants have higher crime rates than the first generation remains unsolved. Some suggest that immigrants are more likely to live in two-parent households, which acts as a protective factor, especially for newly arrived immigrants.100 Others suggest that living in a neighborhood with a large concentration of immigrants provides new immigrants with an extended social network that provides job opportunities and social support.101 Yet still the possibility exists that there is something unique about U.S. culture that increases the propensity for crime among second- and third-generation immigrants. Future research is needed to address these remaining questions.
Crime and Criminal Justice Concepts and Controversies, Malicoat (Sage Publications, 2nd ed.)
• Take a side either pro or con that you believe is stronger.
• Your assignment should be 750-1000 words and formatted using APA format.
• At least two sources should be used to support your position (In addition to those provided)
• Do some research to add support to position that adds to the sources and information from the text.
• Be sure to cite your sources correctly.
Introduction
The relationship between immigration and crime has been debated for more than 100 years. With the large influx of mostly European immigrants in the late 1800s and early 1900s, U.S. natives feared that newcomers were criminal and would destroy the social fabric of American society. After decades of assimilation and acculturation into American society, the image of the criminal immigrant mainly subsided until the next large influx of immigrants entered the United States beginning in the 1960s. This wave of immigration coincided with increases in the crime rate in general, including an increase in the U.S. homicide rate between 1960 and 1990.80 Once again, immigrants were viewed as criminals.
While some politicians and interest groups have argued that the influx of immigrants has had negative consequences for American society, others have described data that run counter to this position. On the one hand, nearly a century of research confirms that foreign-born immigrants residing in the United States are less criminal than their native-born peers.81 On the other hand, much research shows that children of immigrants living in the United States (i.e., second- and third-generation immigrants) are at greater risk of engaging in criminal behavior than first-generation immigrant children.82
PRO: Immigration Increases Crime
One argument for how immigration may increase crime centers on population increase. Between 1965 and 2015, new immigrants (first-generation immigrants), their children (second generation), and grandchildren (third generation) accounted for 55% of U.S. population growth.83 In 2015, the foreign-born population (first-generation immigrants) made up 13.9% of the country’s population.84 It is projected that over the next 50 years, the foreign-born population will account for 88% of the country’s population increase.85 The increase in this population may be of concern given the demographic similarities between criminal offenders and recent immigrants. Like criminal offenders, recent immigrants tend to be young, male, poorly educated, and from a racial or ethnic minority group.86 Perhaps by increasing the numbers of the most crime-prone demographic, immigrants could contribute to increases in the crime rate.
Immigrant generational status has also been shown to influence crime rates. Historically—and still today—studies find that first-generation immigrants are less criminal than their U.S.-born counterparts. However, crime involvement appears to increase through successive generations. Research shows that second- and third-generation youth (U.S.-born individuals) exhibit a number of negative social and behavioral outcomes compared with their foreign-born parents. Second- and third-generation youth have, on average, lower self-control, more delinquent peers, and less parental supervision; spend more time in unstructured activities with peers; and report more parent–child conflict at home compared with first-generation youth.87 These findings suggest that length of time in the United States increases crime among immigrant groups.88 Similarly, studies that differentiate between first-generation immigrants who arrived in the United States at a young age (before 12 or 13) and those who arrived at a later age show that those who came at a young age tend to report greater crime involvement than those who came at a later age.89 This finding suggests that age of arrival can also influence criminal outcomes.
Another argument for how immigration increases crime suggests that immigration may influence the criminal involvement of members of the native U.S. population. In particular, one study found a strong relationship between immigration, Black employment rates and wages, and Black incarceration rates.90 This analysis suggests that the increase in immigrant workers (in certain sectors) lowered the wages and employment rate of Black people workers in those sectors, which indirectly increased the incarceration rate for Black people.
CON: Immigration Does Not Increase Crime
Increases in both the immigrant population and the U.S. crime rate occurred simultaneously during the 1960s through the 1990s. Given this finding, it is not surprising that much of the public believed immigrants were responsible for the increase in crime. However, crime dramatically decreased in the 1990s while the immigrant population continued to grow.91 This prompted a number of researchers to examine if increases in immigration increased crime. The same pattern emerged from those studies: Immigration did not contribute to the crime increase and, in some areas, immigration may have actually lowered or decreased the crime rate.92
Official records from the 1980s suggest that many cities with large immigrant populations also experienced high crime rates. If the immigrants were the cause of increased crime rates, then it would be expected that any change in the immigrant population would change the crime rate in that city. However, numerous studies reported no relationship between changes in the immigrant population and changes in the overall crime rates.93 Analyses looking at changes in the 1990s also indicated decreases in the crime rate, especially the violent crime rate, as the immigrant population increased.94 The same pattern was seen in the early 2000s. Violent victimization rates hit a record low in 2002 despite the growing immigrant population. Additionally, cities with the largest concentration of immigrants experienced the greatest drops in the violent crime rate.95
In an argument made in the preceding section, it was suggested that immigrants may influence the crime rate of native populations. In some areas, however, living in a neighborhood with a large concentration of immigrants has been shown to result in lower violence, even among the native-born population of Black people and Whites.96
Even though studies discussed in the previous section suggest that second- and third-generation youth are more crime prone, those same studies also find that overall, these youth tend to be less involved or equally involved in crime compared with their native-born counterparts.97
Summary
There are three main patterns that have emerged in immigration and crime research. First, foreign-born individuals report less involvement in crime compared with their native-born counterparts. Second, the children of immigrants, namely the second and third generations, show greater involvement in crime than their foreign-born counterparts (i.e., first generation). Third, neighborhoods with large and/or growing immigrant populations tend to witness declines in the overall crime rates, especially for violent crimes.
Some scholars suggest that immigrant communities can protect residents and youth from adopting a deviant lifestyle through a common ethnic subculture that helps create social ties among residents.98 Thus, the concentration of immigrants may act as a protective factor against crime, particularly violence.99
The issue of why second- and third-generation immigrants have higher crime rates than the first generation remains unsolved. Some suggest that immigrants are more likely to live in two-parent households, which acts as a protective factor, especially for newly arrived immigrants.100 Others suggest that living in a neighborhood with a large concentration of immigrants provides new immigrants with an extended social network that provides job opportunities and social support.101 Yet still the possibility exists that there is something unique about U.S. culture that increases the propensity for crime among second- and third-generation immigrants. Future research is needed to address these remaining questions.
Crime and Criminal Justice Concepts and Controversies, Malicoat (Sage Publications, 2nd ed.)
Respond to a classmate by offering a strategy to address the ethical issue she or he identified.
CHRISTINA
Two criteria for evaluating the quality of qualitative research designs include validity and reliability. According to Burkholder et al. (2020), validity is related to the truth, and reliability involves consistent results. Therefore, the study has trustworthiness. The authors explain that there is confidence in the study’s results, including trustworthiness in, dependability, and credibility. According to Burkholder et al. (2020), the interpretations accurately reflect the reality of participants and whether there is stability or change. Using triangulation in a qualitative design provides credibility in internal validity. According to Golafshani (2003), triangulation strengthens the study by combining methods to modify theories from other studies.
These criteria are tied to epistemological and ontological assumptions underlying philosophical orientations and counseling standards through the relationship between the therapist, his or her style, working alliance, and interventions. Three epistolic types in counseling include rationalism, empiricism, and metaphorism. According to Lee et al. (2018), rationalism underlies rational cognitive therapy, empiricism underlies behavioral therapy, empiricism underlies behavioral therapy, and metaphorist underlies constructivist therapy. I would consider my style constructivist, where I explore the client’s emotions, thoughts, and behaviors that coincide with cognitive theories. According to Lee et al. (2018), constructivist therapists explore other techniques depending on the client. When looking for interventions to work with my clients, I am looking for dependability and credibility in research that uses a triangulation approach to see which interventions work best with a client’s needs based on the experience shared.
The study I looked at had limitations of power relationships between the researcher and the interviewer. The researcher has an agenda and demonstrates a perception of dominance or authority. This study used a survey from volunteers, which differs from non-volunteers. According to Lee et al. (2018), the differences include education, intelligence, and desire for social approval. Therefore, compromising the external validity. A qualitative study that is amenable involves understanding the limitations and suggestions for further research.
Respond to a classmate by offering a strategy to address the ethical issue she or he identified.
CHRISTINA
Two criteria for evaluating the quality of qualitative research designs include validity and reliability. According to Burkholder et al. (2020), validity is related to the truth, and reliability involves consistent results. Therefore, the study has trustworthiness. The authors explain that there is confidence in the study’s results, including trustworthiness in, dependability, and credibility. According to Burkholder et al. (2020), the interpretations accurately reflect the reality of participants and whether there is stability or change. Using triangulation in a qualitative design provides credibility in internal validity. According to Golafshani (2003), triangulation strengthens the study by combining methods to modify theories from other studies.
These criteria are tied to epistemological and ontological assumptions underlying philosophical orientations and counseling standards through the relationship between the therapist, his or her style, working alliance, and interventions. Three epistolic types in counseling include rationalism, empiricism, and metaphorism. According to Lee et al. (2018), rationalism underlies rational cognitive therapy, empiricism underlies behavioral therapy, empiricism underlies behavioral therapy, and metaphorist underlies constructivist therapy. I would consider my style constructivist, where I explore the client’s emotions, thoughts, and behaviors that coincide with cognitive theories. According to Lee et al. (2018), constructivist therapists explore other techniques depending on the client. When looking for interventions to work with my clients, I am looking for dependability and credibility in research that uses a triangulation approach to see which interventions work best with a client’s needs based on the experience shared.
The study I looked at had limitations of power relationships between the researcher and the interviewer. The researcher has an agenda and demonstrates a perception of dominance or authority. This study used a survey from volunteers, which differs from non-volunteers. According to Lee et al. (2018), the differences include education, intelligence, and desire for social approval. Therefore, compromising the external validity. A qualitative study that is amenable involves understanding the limitations and suggestions for further research.
Select a type of transfer payment and analyze the pros and cons of the current system in the United States or abroad and how the the system could be improved.
Examples of transfer payments would be Social Security, Medicare, unemployment payments, welfare programs, etc. There are many more, so don’t let this list limit you. You can write about almost any type of transfer payment you would like.
In writing the paper you must include the following areas:
Part 1: Use positive economics* to analyze the current situation.
Part 2: Use normative economics** to analyze the current situation. Do you believe the current situation comes down too much on the side of equity or efficiency? Explain.
Part 3: Come up with a plan for how you believe the situation could be improved. In this section, you will need to come up with at least one (1) specific policy that the government could implement and how you believe this policy will change the situation both domestically and potentially globally.*Positive economics is an analysis of facts; what is.