Applying Utilitarian Ethical Theory to the Issue of Abortion

Applying Utilitarian Ethical Theory to the Issue of Abortion

Introduction

Utilitarian ethical theory is a consequentialist approach that evaluates the morality of an action based on its consequences and the overall happiness it brings. In the context of abortion, this theory can be applied by considering the Principle of Utility, the concept of self-regarding conduct, and the concept of other-regarding conduct. In this essay, we will explore these principles and concepts and assess the validity of the Utilitarian principle in relation to abortion.

Scenario Analysis

A. The pregnant woman is a 35-year-old banker who had a one-night stand with a man she met at a bar. She wants to keep the baby.
B. The father is a 30-year-old bus boy who works at the bar where they met. He wants her to get an abortion.
C. Their friends and both families believe she should keep the baby.
D. She decides to keep the baby.

Applying the Principle of Utility

The Principle of Utility states that actions should be judged based on whether they promote the greatest happiness for the greatest number of people. In this scenario, if we assess the decision of the pregnant woman to keep the baby, we can determine whether it promotes the greatest happiness. However, it is important to note that measuring happiness is subjective and complex, making it difficult to provide a definitive answer. Nonetheless, we can argue that her decision may bring happiness to herself, her family, and perhaps even society as a whole. Therefore, her decision can be seen as promoting happiness, although it is important to consider potential negative consequences as well.

Self-Regarding Conduct

The concept of self-regarding conduct pertains to actions that primarily affect oneself without directly impacting others. In this scenario, the pregnant woman’s decision to keep the baby can be classified as an example of self-regarding conduct. Her choice primarily influences her own life, as she will be responsible for raising the child and dealing with the associated challenges. While her decision may indirectly impact others, such as her family and friends, it remains primarily focused on her own well-being.

Other-Regarding Conduct

On the other hand, the concept of other-regarding conduct refers to actions that affect individuals other than oneself. In this scenario, the decision to keep the baby can also be seen as an example of other-regarding conduct. It affects not only the pregnant woman but also the father, their families, and their friends who believe she should keep the baby. Moreover, this decision has implications for society as a whole, as it involves bringing a new life into the world.

Agreement with the Principle of Utility

I agree with the Utilitarian principle that requires one to do what will bring the greatest happiness to the greatest number of people. This principle emphasizes the importance of considering the consequences of our actions and striving for overall well-being. By assessing actions based on their potential outcomes, we can make more informed and morally justifiable decisions.

Explanation of Agreement

I agree with the Principle of Utility because it provides a framework for evaluating actions in a way that considers the overall welfare of individuals involved. It encourages us to think beyond our own interests and consider the happiness and well-being of others. By prioritizing the greatest happiness for the greatest number, Utilitarianism promotes a society that values the collective good rather than solely focusing on individual desires or preferences.

Furthermore, Utilitarianism allows for a flexible approach that adapts to different situations and contexts. It recognizes that not all actions will have universal consequences and emphasizes the importance of assessing each scenario individually. This flexibility allows for a nuanced understanding of complex ethical issues such as abortion.

In conclusion, by applying Utilitarian ethical theory to the issue of abortion, we can analyze scenarios based on the Principle of Utility, self-regarding conduct, and other-regarding conduct. While there may be varying perspectives on specific cases like the one presented here, I agree with the Utilitarian principle because it promotes a moral framework that considers overall happiness and well-being. By focusing on the greatest happiness for the greatest number, Utilitarianism encourages us to make decisions that prioritize collective welfare over individual preferences.