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The Crisis in Journalism: Understanding Causes and Consequences

 

Franchise or Independent?

In 2003, Rusty and Beth Adcock opened up the fourth franchised unit of Country Fisherman, a small, Mississippi-based, family-owned restaurant group. Rusty and Beth were switching gears from the corporate worlds of electrical wholesale distribution and retail marketing. Obviously there would be a learning curve.

They had looked at several business opportunities and decided on the restaurant business because it was a cash-basis business. There was not going to be a lot of money tied up in inventory and there would be minimal to no accounts receivables. This would bode well for cash flow.

The Country Fisherman Restaurant originated in 1987 in Prentiss, a small town in south central Mississippi. Peggy Tuma started it and built it with hard work and a deep background in food preparation. By the time her new husband Harold came along in the early 1990s, Peggy had worked out enough kinks that Harold encouraged and assisted her in expanding. Gradually they expanded into two other marketsMendenhall and Jackson, Mississippi. It was at this time they realized the need to formulate franchise agreements.

When the Adcocks and Tumas worked out their deal with the Brookhaven franchise, it was the first franchise agreement sold subsequent to the restaurant being established. At the time, the Tumas had initially owned all of the first three restaurants. Later they sold the Mendenhall unit to a relative. So, basically, the deal being done with the Adcocks was the first independently run unit the Tumas would be selling.

While the Tumas had created a franchise model for their enterprise, the Adcocks were in charge of their own destiny. The Tumas provided simple menu plans, inventory guidelines, and volume pricing contracts with their franchise agreement. During the first week or two after opening the Brookhaven unit, the Tumas did help with hands-on assistance to make sure the unit got under way as the others they had opened. However, once the wheels were in motion, the Adcocks were virtually on their own. The Tumas would provide answers to questions and solutions to problems when called upon.

As time went by, Rusty and Beth picked up on the ins and outs of the restaurant business. Moreover, through nobodys efforts but their own, Rusty and Beth became fairly well known in the community. And in 2007, it became evident that the franchise business model the Adcocks were a part of might not be the best answer for them now. There were some inconsistencies in the decision making for all Country Fisherman units. Therefore, Rusty and Beth felt poor decisions independently made by the other franchisees could adversely affect their unit. If the consistency was not going to be upheld by the Tumas, maybe it was time to disassociate their Brookhaven unit from the others.

In March of 2008, Rusty and Beth took the plunge. After coming to an agreement with the Tumas on terms for separation, the Country Fisherman restaurant became Rustys Family Restaurant. Though there were some patrons of the restaurant who were confused of the change at first, it quickly became apparent that the restaurants loyal supporters were truly more worried about who was in charge than what the name was. Once they realized Rusty and Beth were still operating the business, any concerns slipped away. It seemed that the people who operate businesses can create a very strong bond with the customers who support that business. In Rusty and Beths case, that turned out to be a good thing.

Being independent has its drawbacks. Theres no support system to lean on such as large franchise systems. Of course, as small as Country Fisherman was, the support system was not that large. Because of the relationships Rusty had built with the food suppliers, the volume discounts given up with the franchise system were basically negated with other promotions he could take advantage of that he couldnt before.

Staying involved in the community your business is a part of is important. Over time it will be apparent to those people in that community that you are a part of them. In turn, they will support you. It is sometimes as simple as do unto others as you would have them do unto you. Of course, this means hours of hard work, too.

Discussion Questions

1. What are the advantages of buying a franchise operation? What are the disadvantages?

2. What are the advantages of owning your own independent business? What are the disadvantages?

3. Discuss the advantages and disadvantages of different types of business ownership.

The response must address the questions presented here and have a minimum length of 100 words. Post this initial response by 11 p.m. Eastern time on Wednesday.
Respond to two classmates’ posts by 11 p.m. Eastern time on Sunday. Each reply post must have a minimum length of 100 words. All responses must be on three different days. See the rubric provided below for appropriate response guidelines. Responses that simply read “I agree” or “Nice job” are not considered appropriate.
Must use minimum of two academic sources for each post: Initial post, posts to two other students each must have minimum of two academic sources.
Must have a minimum of 3 posts on 3 different days.

 

 

Sample Answer

 

 

The Crisis in Journalism: Understanding Causes and Consequences

Thesis Statement

The decline of local journalism is primarily driven by economic pressures and the rise of digital media, leading to severe consequences for democratic engagement and public accountability. This essay explores the underlying causes and far-reaching consequences of this crisis, supported by relevant theories and empirical research, to underline the urgent need for strategic interventions.

Key Causes of the Problem

Economic Pressures

One of the primary causes of the decline in journalism is the economic pressure faced by news organizations. As advertising revenues shift from traditional media to digital platforms like Google and Facebook, local newspapers struggle to maintain financial viability. This transition has led to significant layoffs, closures, and consolidation within the industry.

Digital Media Dominance

The rise of digital media has fundamentally transformed how people consume news. Audiences increasingly prefer free online content over paid subscriptions, undermining traditional revenue models. This shift has forced many local outlets to cut back on investigative journalism and local reporting, which are vital for community engagement.

Theory: Structural Functionalism

Structural functionalism, a sociological theory, posits that societal institutions work together to maintain stability. In this context, journalism serves as a crucial institution that informs citizens and holds power accountable. The disruption of this institution due to economic pressures highlights its essential role in maintaining democratic stability.

Supporting Evidence

1. Bennett & Manheim (2006) argue that the decline of local journalism disrupts the “news ecology,” which is essential for public discourse and civic engagement. Their study illustrates how reduced local reporting leads to diminished public awareness and participation in governance.
2. McChesney (2013) discusses how economic pressures on journalism threaten the democratic function of news media. He emphasizes that without robust local journalism, communities become less informed, leading to apathy towards civic responsibilities.

Key Consequences of the Problem

Erosion of Democratic Engagement

The decline of local journalism correlates with decreased citizen engagement in democratic processes. When communities lack access to accurate information about local issues, voter turnout and civic participation typically decline.

Diminished Accountability

Without local journalists investigating public affairs, there is a higher risk of corruption and mismanagement within local governments. This lack of oversight can lead to an erosion of trust in public institutions.

Theory: Agenda-Setting Theory

Agenda-setting theory explains how media influences public perception by highlighting certain issues over others. The decline in local journalism means fewer issues are brought to the public agenda, resulting in a less informed citizenry.

Supporting Evidence

1. Cohen (1963) demonstrates how media coverage significantly affects public perception and issue salience. His findings show that without robust local journalism, critical issues facing communities may go unreported or underreported.
2. Golan (2006) provides evidence that media plays a crucial role in shaping public policy discussions. The absence of local reporting diminishes the capacity for community issues to be recognized and addressed, thus perpetuating public disillusionment with democracy.

Conclusion

Academic research highlights the intertwined relationship between journalistic integrity, economic viability, and democratic engagement. Understanding these dynamics is essential for developing effective solutions to restore the health of local journalism. By supporting initiatives that promote sustainable business models for local news outlets and encouraging community-based journalism, funders can play a pivotal role in rejuvenating this critical institution that underpins democracy. Investing in solutions now will help mitigate the damaging consequences of journalism’s decline, ensuring that communities remain informed and engaged in their governance.

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