The Subtle Rebellion of Phillis Wheatley in American Literature

 

 

The Subtle Rebellion of Phillis Wheatley in American Literature

Phillis Wheatley’s literary legacy is a testament to the power of words in challenging societal norms and advocating for change, even within the constraints of her enslaved status. While she may not have directly confronted her enslavement in her poetry, a closer examination reveals instances where she subtly challenges the oppressive systems of her time. Two of her poems, “On Being Brought from Africa to America” and “To His Excellency General Washington,” exemplify Wheatley’s nuanced critique of slavery and the dehumanization of enslaved individuals.

“On Being Brought from Africa to America”

In Wheatley’s poem “On Being Brought from Africa to America,” she acknowledges her journey from Africa to America as a slave and the subsequent conversion to Christianity. Wheatley writes, “Remember, Christians, Negroes, black as Cain, / May be refin’d, and join th’ angelic train” (Wheatley 7-8). Here, Wheatley challenges the prevailing notion of racial inferiority by emphasizing that even individuals of African descent can attain spiritual enlightenment and salvation. By juxtaposing the derogatory term “Negroes” with the possibility of redemption and equality, Wheatley subtly challenges the dehumanizing narrative surrounding enslaved Africans.

“To His Excellency General Washington”

In her poem “To His Excellency General Washington,” Wheatley praises George Washington for his leadership during the American Revolutionary War. However, amidst the accolades, she interweaves a subtle critique of slavery and calls for justice and freedom. Wheatley writes, “Proceed, great chief, with virtue on thy side, / Thy ev’ry action let the goddess guide” (Wheatley 7-8). Here, she aligns the concept of virtue with the pursuit of justice, subtly urging Washington to consider the moral implications of slavery within the context of his leadership. By invoking the idea of virtue and guidance by a higher power, Wheatley challenges the ethical foundations of a society that condones slavery.

Conclusion

Phillis Wheatley’s poetry serves as a poignant commentary on the injustices of slavery and the resilience of the human spirit in the face of oppression. Through her carefully crafted verses, she navigates the complexities of her dual identity as a poet and a slave, offering subtle critiques of the status quo while advocating for equality and dignity. While Wheatley may not have overtly challenged her enslavement in her work, her poetic expressions reveal a profound resistance to the dehumanizing forces that sought to silence her voice.

Works Cited

Wheatley, Phillis. Complete Writings. Edited by Vincent Carretta, Penguin Books, 2001.

In analyzing Phillis Wheatley’s poetry, it becomes evident that her verses are imbued with layers of meaning that transcend the limitations imposed upon her as an enslaved individual. Through her eloquent language and subtle critiques, Wheatley challenges societal norms and advocates for justice and equality with a poignancy that resonates through the annals of American literature.