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Investigating Drug Usage Among College Students in the United States: A Sampling Strategy

 

You have received a grant to study drug usage among college students in the United States. You want to be able to make some generalizations about drug usage amongĀ allĀ college students in America, generalizations about how many students use drugs, the types and frequency of drugs used, and the characteristics of users (such as age and gender). You will be using a stratified cluster sample in which you stratify on at least two variables and sample in at least two stages. There is no single list that you can get that contains the names of all college students in America. So, what sampling units (clusters) can you select at different stages that will ultimately result in a representative sample of all college students? Assume that any college can supply you with a list of all its students. The variables you stratify on should be relevant to your study and should be those for which you have information. For example, you could stratify on grade level, but not on church attendance since the first, but not the second, would be available on the list of names from a college.

Describe the stratified cluster sample you would use. Stratify on at least two variables and explain why you made the decisions you did in terms of which variables to use for stratification. Sample at least two stages, including the final sampling unit. Describe the type of sampling procedure you would use at each stage of sampling and explain why you selected the sampling procedures you did at each stage. Be sure to note how many schools, students, etc. that you have in the various stages of sampling. Discuss the limitations of your sample.

 

Sample Answer

 

Investigating Drug Usage Among College Students in the United States: A Sampling Strategy

Introduction

The prevalence of drug usage among college students in the United States is a concerning issue that requires comprehensive research for effective intervention and prevention strategies. In this study, a stratified cluster sampling approach will be employed to obtain a representative sample of college students that can provide insights into the general trends of drug usage among this population.

Thesis Statement

By stratifying on variables such as geographical region and institution size, and utilizing a two-stage sampling process involving colleges and students, this study aims to provide a nuanced understanding of drug usage patterns among college students in the United States.

Stratification Variables

1. Geographical Region: Stratifying by geographical region is crucial as drug usage patterns may vary across different parts of the country due to cultural, social, and economic factors.

2. Institution Size: Stratifying by institution size is important as larger universities may have different drug usage trends compared to smaller colleges, potentially influenced by factors such as campus culture and availability of resources.

Sampling Procedure

Stage 1: Selection of Colleges

1. Stratification: Colleges will be stratified based on geographical region (e.g., Northeast, Midwest, South, West) and institution size (small, medium, large).

2. Selection Process: Random sampling will be conducted within each stratum to select a proportional number of colleges to ensure representation from various regions and institution sizes.

Stage 2: Selection of Students

1. Stratification: Within each selected college, students will be stratified by gender and grade level (e.g., freshmen, sophomores, juniors, seniors).

2. Selection Process: A systematic random sampling method will be used to select students from each stratum, ensuring that a diverse range of students are included in the sample.

Final Sampling Unit

The final sampling unit will be individual college students who meet the inclusion criteria for the study, such as being currently enrolled in a degree program at the selected colleges.

Limitations of the Sample

1. Generalizability: While the sample obtained through the described sampling strategy will provide valuable insights, generalizing the findings to all college students in the U.S. may have limitations due to the specific selection of colleges and students.

2. Response Bias: The study may be susceptible to response bias as participation in surveys on drug usage is voluntary and students may underreport or misrepresent their behaviors.

3. External Factors: External influences such as societal changes and policy shifts may impact the generalizability of the findings over time.

In conclusion, the proposed stratified cluster sampling approach offers a systematic and structured method to investigate drug usage among college students in the U.S. While limitations exist, the study aims to contribute valuable insights for addressing drug-related issues within this population.

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