Race Relations 1890-1945: Changing and Unchanging Dynamics

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Thesis Statement: Despite some progress towards racial equality, race relations in the United States between 1890 and 1945 were characterized by persistent discrimination and segregation, exemplified by the establishment of Jim Crow laws and the continuation of violent acts of racism.

Race Relations 1890-1945: Changing and Unchanging Dynamics

The period between 1890 and 1945 witnessed significant transformations in race relations in the United States. While some changes were observed, such as the emergence of civil rights organizations and sporadic instances of progress towards equality, a closer examination reveals that deep-rooted discrimination and racial segregation remained pervasive throughout this time period. This essay will explore the changing and unchanging dynamics of race relations in the United States between 1890 and 1945, focusing on the establishment of Jim Crow laws as a symbol of racial discrimination and the continuation of violent acts of racism as an indication of the persistence of racism.

One facet of race relations that underwent a profound change during this time period was the implementation of Jim Crow laws. These laws, enacted in Southern states after the Reconstruction era, solidified racial segregation and enforced racial discrimination. Jim Crow laws mandated separate public facilities, such as schools, transportation, restrooms, and even drinking fountains, based on racial lines. For instance, the landmark Supreme Court case, Plessy v. Ferguson (1896), upheld the constitutionality of “separate but equal” facilities, perpetuating segregation by law. The introduction of such legislation demonstrates a notable shift towards institutionalized racism during this time period.

Furthermore, despite sporadic instances of progress, acts of violence and racism persisted throughout the period under examination. Lynchings, a horrifying practice primarily directed against African Americans, continued to mar race relations in the United States. The notorious lynching of Emmett Till in 1955 serves as a tragic example of racial violence during this time period. Till’s brutal murder for allegedly whistling at a white woman highlights the continued devaluation of African American lives and the prevalence of racial hatred. These acts of violence underscore the persistence of racial discrimination and prejudice, despite some advances made by civil rights organizations.

Despite these changes, race relations in the United States between 1890 and 1945 were characterized by enduring elements of discrimination and segregation. African Americans continued to face systemic racism in various aspects of life, including education, employment, housing, and voting rights. Discriminatory practices such as “grandfather clauses,” poll taxes, and literacy tests were implemented to suppress African American political participation. Moreover, African American activists like Booker T. Washington and W.E.B. Du Bois fought tirelessly against racial injustice and inequality during this period, highlighting the ongoing struggle for equality.

In conclusion, while there were some changes in race relations between 1890 and 1945, such as the establishment of Jim Crow laws and sporadic instances of progress towards equality, deep-rooted discrimination and racial segregation remained pervasive throughout this time period. The implementation of Jim Crow laws institutionalized racism, while acts of violence like lynchings demonstrated the persistence of racial hatred. This analysis underscores the importance of recognizing both the changing and unchanging dynamics in race relations during this critical period in American history.