The Evolution and Continuity of Western Expansion between 1940-1990

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Title: The Evolution and Continuity of Western Expansion between 1940-1990

Introduction

The period between 1940 and 1990 witnessed significant changes in the process of Western Expansion in the United States. This essay explores two contrasting aspects of Western Expansion during this time: the transformation of the landscape and the persistence of conflicts with Native American tribes.

Body

I. Transformation of the Landscape

One significant change in Western Expansion between 1940 and 1990 was the transformation of the physical landscape. This period saw increased industrialization, urbanization, and infrastructure development, altering the natural environment of the West.

During World War II, the West experienced a surge in population growth as people migrated to the region for military bases, defense industries, and farming opportunities. The construction of highways and the expansion of railroads facilitated transportation, connecting the West to the rest of the country and promoting economic development.

The evidence of this transformation can be seen in the growth of cities like Los Angeles, Las Vegas, and Phoenix, which experienced rapid expansion during this period. The construction of dams, such as the Hoover Dam on the Colorado River, not only provided electricity but also facilitated irrigation for agriculture, transforming arid lands into fertile farmlands.

II. Persistence of Conflicts with Native American Tribes

While the landscape underwent significant changes, one aspect that remained relatively unchanged during this period was the persistence of conflicts between the U.S. government and Native American tribes. Despite efforts towards reconciliation and recognition of Native American rights, there were ongoing challenges and disputes.

The Indian Reorganization Act of 1934 aimed to reverse the previous policy of assimilation by promoting tribal self-governance and cultural preservation. However, clashes over land rights, natural resources, and cultural differences continued to strain relationships between Native Americans and the government.

One notable event illustrating this persistence was the American Indian Movement’s occupation of Wounded Knee in 1973. The protest highlighted the ongoing grievances over treaty violations, poverty, and inadequate living conditions faced by many Native American communities.

Furthermore, conflicts over resource extraction in Native American lands persisted during this period. The extraction of natural resources, such as coal and uranium, often occurred in areas considered sacred by Native American tribes, leading to both environmental degradation and cultural conflicts.

Conclusion

The period between 1940 and 1990 witnessed both transformation and continuity in Western Expansion in the United States. The landscape underwent significant changes with increased urbanization, infrastructure development, and agricultural expansion. However, conflicts with Native American tribes persisted, demonstrating ongoing struggles for land rights and cultural preservation. These contrasting aspects highlight the complex nature of Western Expansion during this era, reflecting both progress and challenges in shaping the future of the American West.