Interpersonal Communication Theories: Analyzing Theories and Applying Them to Television and Movies

 

Interpersonal Communication Theories: Analyzing Theories and Applying Them to Television and Movies

Interpersonal communication is a fundamental aspect of human interaction, influencing our relationships, understanding, and social dynamics. Over the years, researchers have developed various theories to explain the intricate processes involved in interpersonal communication. In this essay, we will explore three such theories: Social Penetration Theory, Uncertainty Reduction Theory, and Symbolic Interaction Theory. We will explain the tenets of each theory and then apply them to different television shows and movies to showcase their relevance and applicability.

Social Penetration Theory

The Social Penetration Theory, developed by psychologists Irwin Altman and Dalmas Taylor, seeks to explain how individuals develop deeper and more intimate relationships through self-disclosure and mutual vulnerability. According to this theory, interpersonal communication involves an ongoing process of revealing oneself to others, gradually peeling back layers to reach deeper levels of understanding.

In the television show “Friends,” the friendship between Monica and Rachel can be analyzed through the lens of Social Penetration Theory. At the beginning of the series, their relationship is relatively superficial, consisting of casual conversations and surface-level interactions. However, as the show progresses, we witness moments of self-disclosure and vulnerability that deepen their bond. For example, Monica reveals her struggles with weight and body image, while Rachel opens up about her fear of commitment. Through these moments of disclosure, their relationship evolves from being mere acquaintances to becoming close friends.

Uncertainty Reduction Theory

The Uncertainty Reduction Theory, developed by Charles Berger and Richard Calabrese, focuses on how individuals strive to reduce uncertainty in initial interactions with others. It suggests that when people meet for the first time, they experience a high level of uncertainty, which prompts them to engage in certain behaviors to gather information and establish predictability.

In the movie “When Harry Met Sally,” the main characters initially display high levels of uncertainty when they meet. They engage in small talk, ask questions about each other’s lives, and observe each other’s behaviors to gather information. As the story progresses, they engage in various behaviors aimed at reducing uncertainty, such as spending more time together, sharing personal stories, and seeking reassurance. Through these efforts, Harry and Sally gradually reduce their uncertainty about each other and develop a deeper connection.

Symbolic Interaction Theory

Symbolic Interaction Theory, developed by George Herbert Mead, emphasizes the role of symbols and language in shaping social interactions. It suggests that individuals create meaning through shared symbols and interpret these symbols based on their social context. This theory highlights the importance of language, gestures, and other forms of symbolic communication in shaping our understanding of others.

The television show “The Office” provides numerous examples of Symbolic Interaction Theory in action. Characters like Jim and Dwight engage in playful banter, using sarcasm and inside jokes to establish shared meanings within their social group. These symbols shape their interactions and create a sense of belonging and camaraderie. Additionally, symbols like the Dundie Awards or Michael Scott’s catchphrases become part of the show’s lexicon, further reinforcing shared meanings among the characters and the audience.

In conclusion, interpersonal communication theories provide valuable frameworks for understanding how individuals interact and form relationships. The Social Penetration Theory explains how self-disclosure leads to deeper connections, as seen in Monica and Rachel’s friendship in “Friends.” The Uncertainty Reduction Theory highlights how individuals strive to gather information and establish predictability, as portrayed in “When Harry Met Sally.” Lastly, Symbolic Interaction Theory emphasizes the role of symbols in shaping social interactions, exemplified by the dynamic exchanges in “The Office.” By applying these theories to television shows and movies, we can gain a deeper appreciation for their relevance in our everyday lives and interactions.