What is a biofilm?

 

A biofilm refers to a complex community of microorganisms that adhere to surfaces and form a protective matrix of extracellular polymeric substances (EPS). Biofilms are composed of various bacteria, archaea, fungi, algae, and other microorganisms. They are known for their ability to adhere to diverse surfaces and develop intricate structures that promote their survival and resistance to environmental stresses.

Three places where biofilms can commonly be found are:

Dental Plaque: Dental plaque is a classic example of a biofilm. It forms on the surfaces of teeth when bacteria in the mouth adhere to the enamel and other oral tissues. Over time, the biofilm grows and can lead to dental issues such as cavities, gum disease, and bad breath.

Medical Implants: Biofilms often develop on medical devices and implants, such as catheters, prosthetic joints, and pacemakers. When microorganisms colonize these surfaces and form biofilms, they can cause chronic infections that are difficult to treat. The protective matrix of the biofilm makes it challenging for antibiotics or the immune system to eliminate the infection completely.

Plumbing Systems: Biofilms are frequently found in plumbing systems, particularly in pipes and drains. The flowing water provides a suitable environment for microorganisms to attach to the surfaces, grow, and create biofilms. Over time, these biofilms can accumulate and cause issues such as clogs, reduced water flow, and corrosion.

It is worth noting that biofilms can form in a wide range of environments, including natural ecosystems (such as rivers, lakes, and oceans), industrial settings (such as cooling towers and food processing equipment), and even inside our bodies (such as in the respiratory tract or urinary tract infections).